All piping shall be supported and braced against movement. When temporary supports are used they shall be sufficiently rigid to prevent any shifting or distortion of the pipe.

Where piping is installed on curves the maximum deflection of each joint shall be within the maximum deflection recommended by the pipe manufacturers.

Sufficient flexible couplings whose design is approved by the county engineer shall be provided in all piping adjacent to structures to permit differential settling of the foundation of said piping and structures without damage to the piping, or as may be required for ease of installation or removal of the pipe.

All dirt and scale shall be removed from the pipe prior to installing.

When water, house or building connections pass under a curb, the curb shall be permanently marked with a capital W at least two inches high. When connections are installed before curbs and curbs are to be installed under the same subdivision agreement, the water line contractor shall reference the connection locations and mark the curbs after the curb installation. (Ord. 383 § 295, 1974).

The minimum depth of cover from finish grade at valve locations within the rights-of-way shall be as follows:

In no case shall cover of pipes be less than thirty-six inches unless otherwise permitted by the county engineer. (Ord. 383 § 296, 1974).

Proper implements, tools and facilities satisfactory to the county engineer shall be provided and used by the contractor for the safe, convenient and workmanlike prosecution of the work.

All pipes, fittings and valves shall be carefully lowered into the trench in such a manner as to prevent damage to pipe or pipe coating. Under no circumstances shall pipe or accessories be dropped or dumped into the trench. Before laying, the pipe shall be inspected for defects and cast iron pipe shall be rung with a light hammer to detect cracks. Any defective, damaged or unsound pipe shall be rejected and sound material furnished. Cutting of pipe for inserting valves, fittings, or closure pieces shall be done in a neat and skillful manner without damage to the pipe.

All pipe shall be laid and maintained in the required alignment with fittings and valves at the required locations and with joints centered and spigots home, and with all valve stems plumb. When the pipe is bedded in a trench it shall be brought into true alignment and shall be secured there with proper backfill material, carefully tamped under and on each side of it. Care shall be taken to prevent dirt from entering the joint space.

Preparatory to making pipe joints, all surfaces of the portions of the pipe to be jointed or of the factory-made jointing material shall be clean and dry. Lubricants, primers, adhesives, etc., shall be used as recommended by the pipe or joint manufacturer’s specifications. The jointing or factory fabricated joints shall then be placed, fitted, joined and adjusted in such a workmanlike manner as to obtain the degree of water tightness required. As soon as possible after the joint is made, sufficient backfill material shall be placed along each side of the pipe to offset conditions that might tend to move the pipe off line and grade.

All trenches and excavations shall be backfilled immediately after pipe is laid therein, but leave all the joints exposed until pressure and leakage tests are completed. Under no circumstances, however, shall water be permitted to rise in unbackfilled trenches after the pipe has been placed.

Each length of pipe shall be freed of any visible evidence of contamination, dirt and foreign material before it is lowered into its position in the trench, and it shall be kept clean during and after laying. When pipe laying is not in progress, the open ends of any pipe which has been laid shall be plugged. Trench water shall not be permitted to enter the pipe.

All installation shall be in full conformance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. (Ord. 383 § 297, 1974).

A reaction or thrust blocking shall be installed at all tees, bends, plugs, fire hydrants, crosses which have one or more openings plugged, dead-ends except welded steel pipe and other sections of piping and appurtenances that might be capable of being displaced by the action of either working pressure or test pressures within the water system.

The size and type of thrust devices shall be designated to prevent movement of water mains when subjected to the maximum hydrostatic test pressure of two hundred psi and not to exceed the allowable bearing capacity for the supporting soil involved. Thrust devices shall be cast-in place concrete, metal harness, or other suitable and approved types.

Temporary bracing must not be restored to for thrust blocking. The pipe must not be pressure tested before the concrete thrust blocks have completely set. (Ord. 383 § 298, 1974).